There is an alternative method besides hemodialysis that can be used in the dialysis process. The name is CAPD. In this method, the hose is not installed in the arm, but in the abdominal cavity.
The kidneys function to filter out residual substances in the blood and dispose of them through urine. When the kidneys fail to function, residual substances will accumulate in the body and cause harmful effects. So that this does not happen, patients with kidney failure need help to filter waste substances from the blood. This screening process is called dialysis.
Dialysis can be done by two methods, namely hemodialysis (dialysis) and peritoneal dialysis (dialysis). The second method is what is called CAPD.
How it Works CAPD
CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) begins with the making of a small hole near the patient's navel by the surgeon. This small hole is used to insert a tube (catheter) into the abdominal cavity (peritoneal cavity). The catheter will be left in the abdominal cavity so the patient can do the dialysis process himself. Here's the flow:
- Every time you want to do dialysis, patients with kidney failure must connect a bag filled with new dialysate fluid to the catheter and wait until the fluid fills the stomach cavity.
- The dialysate fluid is then left in the abdominal cavity for several hours. When blood passes through the blood vessels in the peritoneum, the remaining substances from the blood will be absorbed by this dialysate fluid.
- Dialysate liquid that has been mixed with the remaining substances will be flowed out through the stomach into another empty bag.
This process must be carried out by the patient about 4 times per day. Each fluid exchange process usually takes about 30 minutes.
Excellence of CAPD
Compared to hemodialysis, CAPD has several advantages, including:
1. Kidney failure patients do not need to go back and forth to the hospital
Patients undergoing hemodialysis usually need to visit at least three times a hospital or clinic each week. Each visit takes about 4 hours for the hemodialysis process. CAPD can be done alone at home without the need for a hemodialysis machine, so patients do not need to regularly visit the hospital or clinic for dialysis.
2. The equipment used for CAPD is portable (easy to carry)
CAPD equipment is usually only in the form of dialysate fluid bags, clips, and catheters to drain the dialysate fluid into the abdominal cavity. Because it is easy to carry, CAPD allows users more freedom to travel. CAPD is also easier to use for patients who live far from hospitals or health facilities.
3. Food restrictions or restrictions on CAPD users are fewer
Because the process of dialysis with CAPD is done every day and not only three times per week, CAPD users will generally have a smaller risk of accumulation or accumulation of potassium, sodium, and fluids. This causes CAPD users to be more flexible in regulating food and beverage intake than hemodialysis users.
4. Kidney function can last longer
CAPD users may be able to maintain kidney function longer than hemodialysis users.
5. Better for the heart and blood vessels
With CAPD, kidney failure patients can better control the amount of fluid in the body. This reduces the workload of the heart and pressure in the blood vessels.
CAPD risk
Every medical procedure must have a weakness. That is, despite the benefits of CAPD even though, this method still has risks for people who live it. Some of them are:
1. Infection
The area of skin around the catheter can be infected by bacteria if hygiene is not maintained. The risk of infection with CAPD is quite high because the user needs to open and close the catheter and make routine dialysate fluid changes. When entered, bacteria can infect the peritoneum and cause peritonitis. Symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and cloudy dialysate fluid.
2. Hernias
CAPD users will hold the dialysate fluid in the abdominal cavity for a long time. This condition puts pressure on the abdominal wall. Continuous pressure will cause weakness in the abdominal wall. As a result, organs in the stomach, such as the intestine, can protrude and form hernias.
3. Increase in body weight
Dialysate fluid contains a sugar called dextrose. Absorption of this fluid in excessive amounts can cause the body to excess calories and increase body weight. This can also worsen diabetes.
4. Dialysis is not optimal
Over time, the effectiveness of CAPD in cleaning blood can be reduced, so kidney failure patients may need to switch to hemodialysis.
Taking into account all the benefits and risks of CAPD, patients with kidney failure are expected to choose the most appropriate fluid and blood filtering method for themselves. Do not hesitate to consult with a doctor to be given an explanation and appropriate treatment.
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